What is the Braden Scale?

The Braden Scale is a standardized assessment tool used to predict a patient's risk of developing pressure ulcers (bed sores). It evaluates six key risk factors and provides a numerical score to guide preventive care decisions.

Who developed it and when?

Developed by Barbara Braden and Nancy Bergstrom in 1987 as part of their research into pressure ulcer prevention.

What type of assessment is it?

Clinical assessment tool typically completed by healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians, or care providers).

What does it assess?

• Sensory perception - ability to respond to pressure-related discomfort
• Moisture - degree to which skin is exposed to moisture
• Activity - degree of physical activity
• Mobility - ability to change and control body position
• Nutrition - usual food intake pattern
• Friction and shear - degree of friction and shear forces

How many items and what format?

6 subscales, each rated on a scale of 1-4 (except friction/shear which is 1-3).

How is it scored?

Total scores range from 6-23, with lower scores indicating higher risk. Scores ≤18 generally indicate increased pressure ulcer risk.