What is the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)?

The MMSE is a 30-point questionnaire used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. It is commonly used to screen for dementia and to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment at a specific time.

Who developed the MMSE and when?

Developed by Marshal Folstein, Susan Folstein, and Paul McHugh in 1975.

What type of assessment is the MMSE?

It is a brief cognitive assessment tool administered by healthcare professionals.

What cognitive domains does the MMSE assess?

• Orientation: Time and place
• Registration: Immediate recall of three words
• Attention & Calculation: Serial 7s or spelling WORLD backwards
• Recall: Delayed recall of three words
• Language: Naming, repetition, following commands
• Visuospatial: Copy intersecting pentagons

How many items and what format?

30 items with varying point values, administered as structured interview.

How is the MMSE scored?

Total score ranges from 0-30. Higher scores indicate better cognitive function.

Who can use the MMSE?

Adults, particularly useful for older adults (65+) and those at risk for cognitive impairment.

What are the strengths of the MMSE?

Widely validated, quick to administer, standardized scoring, excellent inter-rater reliability.

What are the limitations of the MMSE?

May be influenced by education level, not sensitive to mild cognitive impairment, cultural and language considerations needed.